Es importante practicar esta tema para llegar ser competente en los conectivos del idioma Español. When you want to move from one theme to another in spanish or from one focus to another without wanting the "clunk" between themes, because you want a smooth transition between subjects. Well then, you need a connector:-
Para demostrar contraste o cambio de idea:
por el contrario
sin embargo
al mismo tiempo
en contraste
por otro lado
en tanto que
de otro modo
a pesar de (que)
al contrario
de otra manera
aunque
Para demostrar adición o complemento de una idea:
también
lo siguiente
seguidamente
de igual importancia
de la misma manera
igualmente
además
por otra parte
del mismo modo
Para enfatizar un tema en específico:
especialmente
un ejemplo
por ejemplo
en el caso de
en particular
Para demostrar resultado:
en consecuencia
obviamente
de tal manera que
por esta razón
evidentemente
en cualquier caso
por consiguiente
además
como resultado de
de hecho
Para reforzar una idea:
básicamente
sin duda
alguna
esencialmente
primeramente
verdaderamente
antes que nada
indiscutiblemente
Para evidenciar tiempo:
inmediatamente después
tan pronto como a más tardar
posteriormente antes de
previamente
También existen conectores como:
y, excepto, o, no, aún, para, así
Spanish Learning Centre Blackpool
Phone 01253 294822 email Ruth Cunningham at jfrac@uk2.net
Wednesday 4 April 2012
Those little connectors, that are so important in Spanish: le gustaria apuntar que hay muchas recursos aprender aqui
Wednesday 18 January 2012
Interrogative Pronouns (pronombres interrogativos)
Interrogative pronouns, can be variable or invariable. Take a look:
Invariables: qué (what/which) – cuándo (when) – cómo (how) – dónde (where)
Variables: cuál – cuáles (which one/s) – quién – quiénes (who) – cuánto/a – cuántos/as (how much/many)
Variables: cuál – cuáles (which one/s) – quién – quiénes (who) – cuánto/a – cuántos/as (how much/many)
Here are some examples of how they’re used:
Qué + verb
¿Qué haces aquí? (What are you doing here?)
¿A qué viniste? (What did you come here for?)
¿Qué les habrá pasado? (What ever happened to them?)
¿A qué viniste? (What did you come here for?)
¿Qué les habrá pasado? (What ever happened to them?)
Qué + noun
¿Qué película te gustó más? (Which film did you like better?)
¿Con qué auto vas a viajar? (Which car are you going to travel with?)
¿A qué personaje te refieres? (Which character are you talking about?)
¿Con qué auto vas a viajar? (Which car are you going to travel with?)
¿A qué personaje te refieres? (Which character are you talking about?)
Cuál(es) + noun
¿Cuál torta prefieres? ¿La de chocolate o la de nueces? (Which pie do you prefer? The chocolate one or the walnut one?)
¿Cuáles blusas están en rebaja? (Which blouses are on sale?)
¿Cuáles blusas están en rebaja? (Which blouses are on sale?)
Cuál(es) + de + pronoun/noun
¿Cuál de estos zapatos calzó mejor? (Which of these shoes fit best?)
¿Cuáles de los libros infantiles vas a llevar? (Which of the children’s books are you going to take?)
¿Cuáles de los libros infantiles vas a llevar? (Which of the children’s books are you going to take?)
Cuál(es) + verb
¿Cuál(es) vas a llevar? (Which ones are you going to take?)
¿Cuál quieres? (Which one do you want?)
¿Cuál quieres? (Which one do you want?)
Qué / Cuál(es) + verb ser
¿Qué es de tu vida, hombre? (What have you been up to, man?)
¿Qué es eso? (What’s that?)
¿Cuál es tu hermano? (Which one is your brother?)
¿Cuáles son tus dudas? (What are your questions/doubts?)
¿Qué es eso? (What’s that?)
¿Cuál es tu hermano? (Which one is your brother?)
¿Cuáles son tus dudas? (What are your questions/doubts?)
Cuándo / Cómo / Dónde / Quién(es) + verb/pronoun
¿Cuándo llegaron? (When did they arrive?)
¿Cómo te sientes? (How do you feel?)
¿Dónde está tu cartera? (Where’s your purse?)
¿A dónde piensas ir este fin de semana? (Where are you thinking of going this weekend?)
¿Por dónde anduviste? (Where have you been?)
¿Quién dijo eso? (Who said that?)
¿Quiénes están listos para salir? (Who’s ready to leave?)
¿Cómo te sientes? (How do you feel?)
¿Dónde está tu cartera? (Where’s your purse?)
¿A dónde piensas ir este fin de semana? (Where are you thinking of going this weekend?)
¿Por dónde anduviste? (Where have you been?)
¿Quién dijo eso? (Who said that?)
¿Quiénes están listos para salir? (Who’s ready to leave?)
Nota
In an interrogative sentence, adonde has a written accent: ¿adónde vas?, where are you going?
¿A dónde van los chicos? (Where are the kids going?)
¿A dónde llevan al Sr. Juan? (Where are they taking Mr. Juan?)
¿Dónde metiste mis llaves? (Where did you put my keys?)
¿Dónde hay un teléfono? (Where is there a telephone?)
¿A dónde llevan al Sr. Juan? (Where are they taking Mr. Juan?)
¿Dónde metiste mis llaves? (Where did you put my keys?)
¿Dónde hay un teléfono? (Where is there a telephone?)
Sunday 15 January 2012
Pronouns and the RID rule
RID order
when you have two object pronouns in a sentence, these pronouns always appear in the RID order. And because two is the maximum number of pronouns that can appear together, the possible combinations are
RD – reflexive – direct
me lo compro - I buy it for myself
¿Tu pelo es magnifico. te lo lavas mucho?
ID – indirect – direct
Yo te la escribo - I write it to you
Ella me las vende – she sells them to me
La La Rule
When both the direct and indirect objects are in the third person, regardless of gender and number, both pronouns will begin with 'L'; so change the indirect object (the first one) to “se”.
consider the sentence - “I give it to him” - this would become
“Yo le lo doy”, so we change this to “Yo se lo doy”.
negation(1 verb) put the no or the negation word before first pronoun.
When sentence has 2 verbs, there are 2 options
Quiero dartelo
te lo quiero dar
negation (2 verbs)
no quiero dartelo
no te lo quiero dar.
=============================================================
Direct Object Pronouns
what does John have? (What)
whom does John see? (Whom)
me, te, lo/la, nos, os, los/las
He has the book the book = direct object
John sees Mary (her) mary = direct object
John lo tiene lo = direct object
John la ve la = direct object
Negation (with one verb)
Yo no lo sé
nunca lo estudiáis
| | |
neg word | |_ conjugated verb
|
direct object
Two verbs then two options
1) te quiero ver
| | |
direct object conjugated verb infinitive
2) quiero verte
| |
conjugated verb infinitive+direct object
Negation with two verbs
1) no lo tengo que leer
negation word direct object conj verb infinitive
2) no tengo que leerlo
=============================================================
Indirect Object Pronouns
To Whom (or) For Whom
me, te, le, nos, os, se
| |______(them, you)
|_ (him, her, you, it)
DO = direct object IO = indirect object
He buys me flowers (he buys flowers for me)
|_DO |_IO
In a sentence with an indirect object there is always a direct object either stated or implied.
My Gradmother writes me every week
| |
she writes(DO) something_| |_ to me (IO)
the direct object is understood to be a letter, postcard, or note
with one verb, IO before conjugated verb
Juan me compra un libro
With two verbs there are two options
1) before the first conjugated verb
él me quiere dar un regalo
2) on the end of the infinitive of the second verb
él quiere darme un regalo
Negation
1) after negation and before verb
él no me trae nada
2) on the end of the infinitive of second verb
él nunca quiere traerme nada
=============================================================
Reflexive Object Pronouns
me (myself)
te (yourself)
se (himself / herself / itself)
nos (ourselves)
os (yourselves)
se (themselves)
The action of the verb is to self
me lavo el pelo cada dia
I wash my hair every day
Nearly all verbs can be made reflexive, there is no magic trick ! If the action is to self then it is reflective.
Preposition + Infinitive with Reflexive Pronouns
verbs following a preposition must be in the infinitive, with reflexive verbs the infinitive remains untouched and the reflexive pronoun is added to the end of the infinitive to agree with the understood subject
Yo leo antes de acostarme
| | |__(reflexive pronoun on the end of the verb)
preposition |
infinitive
infinitive
|
antes de dormirte, tú necesitas lavarte
| | | |
| | |_______________|__(reflexive pronoun)
preposition |
infinitive
when you have two object pronouns in a sentence, these pronouns always appear in the RID order. And because two is the maximum number of pronouns that can appear together, the possible combinations are
RD – reflexive – direct
me lo compro - I buy it for myself
¿Tu pelo es magnifico. te lo lavas mucho?
ID – indirect – direct
Yo te la escribo - I write it to you
Ella me las vende – she sells them to me
La La Rule
When both the direct and indirect objects are in the third person, regardless of gender and number, both pronouns will begin with 'L'; so change the indirect object (the first one) to “se”.
consider the sentence - “I give it to him” - this would become
“Yo le lo doy”, so we change this to “Yo se lo doy”.
negation(1 verb) put the no or the negation word before first pronoun.
When sentence has 2 verbs, there are 2 options
Quiero dartelo
te lo quiero dar
negation (2 verbs)
no quiero dartelo
no te lo quiero dar.
=============================================================
Direct Object Pronouns
what does John have? (What)
whom does John see? (Whom)
me, te, lo/la, nos, os, los/las
He has the book the book = direct object
John sees Mary (her) mary = direct object
John lo tiene lo = direct object
John la ve la = direct object
Negation (with one verb)
Yo no lo sé
nunca lo estudiáis
| | |
neg word | |_ conjugated verb
|
direct object
Two verbs then two options
1) te quiero ver
| | |
direct object conjugated verb infinitive
2) quiero verte
| |
conjugated verb infinitive+direct object
Negation with two verbs
1) no lo tengo que leer
negation word direct object conj verb infinitive
2) no tengo que leerlo
=============================================================
Indirect Object Pronouns
To Whom (or) For Whom
me, te, le, nos, os, se
| |______(them, you)
|_ (him, her, you, it)
DO = direct object IO = indirect object
He buys me flowers (he buys flowers for me)
|_DO |_IO
In a sentence with an indirect object there is always a direct object either stated or implied.
My Gradmother writes me every week
| |
she writes(DO) something_| |_ to me (IO)
the direct object is understood to be a letter, postcard, or note
with one verb, IO before conjugated verb
Juan me compra un libro
With two verbs there are two options
1) before the first conjugated verb
él me quiere dar un regalo
2) on the end of the infinitive of the second verb
él quiere darme un regalo
Negation
1) after negation and before verb
él no me trae nada
2) on the end of the infinitive of second verb
él nunca quiere traerme nada
=============================================================
Reflexive Object Pronouns
me (myself)
te (yourself)
se (himself / herself / itself)
nos (ourselves)
os (yourselves)
se (themselves)
The action of the verb is to self
me lavo el pelo cada dia
I wash my hair every day
Nearly all verbs can be made reflexive, there is no magic trick ! If the action is to self then it is reflective.
Preposition + Infinitive with Reflexive Pronouns
verbs following a preposition must be in the infinitive, with reflexive verbs the infinitive remains untouched and the reflexive pronoun is added to the end of the infinitive to agree with the understood subject
Yo leo antes de acostarme
| | |__(reflexive pronoun on the end of the verb)
preposition |
infinitive
infinitive
|
antes de dormirte, tú necesitas lavarte
| | | |
| | |_______________|__(reflexive pronoun)
preposition |
infinitive
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